Diabetes mellitus affects millions worldwide, and postprandial hyperglycemia driven by salivary α-amylase (SAA) activity remains difficult to control with conventional inhibitors like acarbose due to gastrointestinal side effects. To address this, we introduce hydroalcoholic rhizome extracts of Bistorta major as a natural SAA inhibitor. We prepared and characterized the extracts via moisture determination, partial phytochemical screening, and LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling before evaluating in vitro SAA inhibition. The extracts exhibited moderate yet significant inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 148 µg/mL), highlighting their potential as a practical, safer antidiabetic therapy and motivating further in vivo and molecular docking studies.