Mediator-Free Bio-Photovoltaic Electricity Generation Using Ulva spp. Macroalgae

Photosynthesis is the process in which organisms utilize sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars, releasing oxygen into the environment. Macroalgae perform photosynthesis with up to 3.5 times greater efficiency than land plants. Bio-photovoltaic (BPV) cells aim to harvest energy from these organisms. This project achieves nearly twice the power density of previous BPV systems and demonstrates the potential of using macroalgae in renewable energy. This project paves the path for more commercially competitive BPVs, a green-energy land-independent energy source that generates additional revenue stream for macroalgae farmers.